Swarm
Decentralized Storage NetworksDecentralized storage and communication platform built on Ethereum, designed as the 'hard disk of the world computer.' Files are split into 4KB chunks, content-addressed, and distributed across a P2P network of Bee nodes, with storage incentivized via the BZZ token and a postage stamp economic model.
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Detalhes
Licença LGPL / BSD
Status de Dev Released
Proprietário Swarm Foundation (nonprofit)
País Switzerland
Ano de Início 2015
Stack Golang
Financiamento ICO
Última Investigação 10 de mar. de 2026
Decentralized Storage Network Atributos
P2P Architecture DHT (Kademlia-based chunk routing via libp2p)
Overlay Network Global
Content Addressing Yes (chunk content hashes; Single-Owner Chunks use owner-signed addresses)
Local-First N/A (cloud/P2P model; nodes cache popular chunks)
E2EE Yes (Trojan chunks enable covert encrypted messaging; Single-Owner Chunks provide zero-leak privacy)
Byzantine Fault Tolerance Partial (Kademlia routing is resilient; economic incentives deter malicious behavior; no formal BFT consensus)
Signature ECDSA (Ethereum-compatible; BZZ cheque signing)
Permissions Cryptographic Capabilities (Single-Owner Chunks with owner-signed access; postage stamps as access tokens)
Semantic Web Compatability N/A
Smart Contract Yes (postage stamp contract and chequebook contract on Gnosis Chain)
Protocol Stack Position Application-layer (built on TCP/IP; Ethereum smart contracts for settlement)
Asset / Value Embedding Native (BZZ token embedded in protocol; postage stamps = pre-paid storage access; SWAP accounting built into node-to-node bandwidth exchange)
Protocol Maturity / Standardization Community Standard (actively deployed; no formal standards body)
Update Policy Mutable (versioned) via Swarm Feeds (mutable documents with owner-controlled update stream); immutable by default for content-addressed chunks
Storage Proof Mechanism None formal at chunk level (postage stamp expiry model: stamps decrease in value over time; expired chunks evicted; redistribution mechanism rewards nodes holding valid stamped chunks via stake-weighted lottery)
Economic / Incentive Model Token rewards (BZZ): publishers purchase postage stamps; BZZ redistributed to storage node operators via stake-weighted redistribution; bandwidth compensated via SWAP (off-chain cheque) system
Retrieval Guarantee Best-effort (incentivized but not cryptoeconomically enforced at individual chunk level; popular content well-cached; cold data may be lost after stamp expiry)