x402

Protocolo P2P

Open HTTP-native payment protocol that activates the dormant HTTP 402 'Payment Required' status code to enable instant stablecoin micropayments between clients and servers — including AI agents — without accounts, API keys, or KYC. A client receiving a 402 response pays in stablecoins and retries; the server grants access upon verification by a facilitator. Chain-agnostic, zero-protocol-fee, designed as a foundational internet primitive for the agentic economy. 100M+ payments processed since May 2025 launch.

Fundación
Enlaces
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Detalles

Licencia Open source — Apache 2.0; GitHub: github.com/coinbase/x402
Estado de Desarrollo 🟢 Activo
Detalle del Estado de Desarrollo Production — V2 specification released; 100M+ payments processed
Propietario x402 Foundation (co-founded by Coinbase and Cloudflare, September 23, 2025); protocol created by Erik Reppel at Coinbase Developer Platform
Órgano de Gobierno x402 Foundation (industry consortium co-founded by Coinbase and Cloudflare, September 2025)
País USA
Año de Inicio 2025
Stack TypeScript/JavaScript (primary SDKs: @x402/core, @x402/express, @x402/fetch, @x402/next); Go; Rust
Financiamiento Coinbase Developer Platform (corporate originator); x402 Foundation (neutral governance)
Última Investigación 15 ene 2026

Dominios de Caso de Uso

Ayuda Mutua e Intercambio

Capacidades

Intercambio no monetario Administración transparente

Protocolo P2P Atributos

Orígenes Inspired by Balaji Srinivasan's 21.co Bitcoin micropayment channels (2015); HTTP 402 status code originally reserved in HTTP/1.1 but never standardized; x402 revives and formalizes it for the stablecoin and agentic era
Base de Datos N/A — stateless payment protocol
Lenguaje de Consulta N/A
Formatos de Datos JSON (payment payload); EIP-712 signed payment authorization header
Edición Colaborativa en Vivo No
Edición de Texto Enriquecido No
Soporte Móvil Yes (mobile HTTP clients)
Soporte Web Yes (HTTP-native)
Aplicaciones Nativas Yes
Términos Apache 2.0
Fondos N/A (corporate-originated open standard; foundation-governed)
Basado En HTTP/1.1 RFC 7235 (402 status code); EIP-712 (Ethereum typed structured data signing); USDC/stablecoin payment rails
Arquitectura P2P Client-server (HTTP request-response with facilitator for payment verification and settlement)
Red de Superposición N/A — HTTP transport
Direccionamiento por Contenido No
Local-First No
Cifrado de Extremo a Extremo (E2EE) No (payment authorization in HTTP header; no E2EE channel established)
Biblioteca de CRDTs N/A
Tolerancia a Fallos Bizantinos N/A
Firma Yes — EIP-712 cryptographic signature on payment payload
Permisos Key-based (EIP-712 signed payment authorization; no account or API key required)
Compatibilidad con la Web Semántica No
Contrato Inteligente No (payment protocol; blockchain settlement via EVM/SVM facilitator)
Posición en la Pila del Protocolo Application-layer (built on HTTP/HTTPS)
Incorporación de Activos/Valor Application-layer add-on — value transfer handled via external blockchain facilitator, not embedded in the network packet
Madurez del Protocolo / Estandarización Production / Open Standard — V2 specification released; x402 Foundation (Coinbase + Cloudflare) governs; 100M+ payments processed; ERC-8004 integration on roadmap; not submitted to IETF