ERC-4337

Smart Contract Standard

Account abstraction standard implementing smart contract wallets as primary user accounts via a parallel UserOperation mempool and singleton EntryPoint contract, requiring no Ethereum consensus-layer changes.

Open Standard
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Details

License https://github.com/eth-infinitism/account-abstraction
Dev Status 🏁 Final
Dev Status Detail Final (EntryPoint v0.7 audited and deployed)
Owner Ethereum Community / Ethereum Foundation contributors
Governing Body Ethereum EIP/ERC process (Final; EntryPoint contract deployed at a canonical address across major EVM chains)
Country Global / Decentralized
Start Year 2021
Stack Solidity / EVM; singleton EntryPoint contract; off-chain alt-mempool (bundlers)
Funding Ethereum Foundation (Yoav Weiss as EF security fellow); Infinitism team
Last Investigated Mar 9, 2026

Topology view

This tool in the centre and the things it is directly related to. Each line names the kind of relationship.

Topology view: ERC-4337This tool in the centre and the things it is directly related to. Each line names the kind of relationship.ERC-4337ERC-6551 (Basis for)ERC-6551ERC-8004 (Basis for)ERC-8004SpiritDAO Community App (Basis for)SpiritDAOCommunity AppEthereum (Built on, Conforming implementations)Ethereum

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Use Case Domains

Identity & Trust Platform Evolution & Sovereignty

Affordances

Sovereign identity

Smart Contract Standard Attributes

Origins Co-authored by Vitalik Buterin, Yoav Weiss (Ethereum Foundation), Dror Tirosh, Shahaf Nacson, Alex Forshtat, Kristof Gazso, and Tjaden Hess; motivated by the long-standing goal of replacing EOA private-key accounts with programmable smart wallets without requiring protocol-level hard forks.
Data Formats JSON-encoded UserOperation structs (callData, paymasterAndData, signature fields); ABI-encoded contract calls; EIP-712 typed data for structured signing
Terms CC0
Funds Unknown; developed within Ethereum Foundation and affiliated research contributors
Based On Prior EIPs 2938 and 3074 (earlier account abstraction attempts, requiring consensus changes); ERC-4337 takes a higher-layer approach avoiding those constraints
Permissions Permissionless; any address can deploy an ERC-4337 compatible account; bundlers and paymasters operate in open market
Development Tools Alchemy Account Kit, Pimlico bundler, Biconomy, ZeroDev SDK, Stackup; OpenZeppelin Account Abstraction library; eth-infinitism reference implementation
Protocol Maturity / Standardization Final; EntryPoint contract audited by OpenZeppelin and deployed at canonical address on all major EVM chains; successor ERC-7702 (Pectra upgrade) introduced at protocol level
Trust Framework Bundler reputation staking; paymaster staking via EntryPoint StakeManager; on-chain EntryPoint contract as trust root; custom account validation logic (ECDSA, multisig, passkey, social recovery)
Target Application Domain Consumer wallet UX, gasless onboarding, social recovery, DAO/multisig accounts, session keys, subscription payments
Deployment Model Singleton EntryPoint per chain; per-user smart account contracts; paymaster contracts optionally deployed per application
Standard Type Account Standard
Ecosystem Ethereum (and all EVM-compatible chains via canonical EntryPoint address)

Relationships

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Built on
Basis for
Conforming implementations